Plugin_SN_Basis/functions/qgiscore_wrapper.py

"""
sn_basis/functions/qgiscore_wrapper.py – zentrale QGIS-Core-Abstraktion
"""

from typing import Type, Any, Optional
from sn_basis.functions.qt_wrapper import (
    QUrl,
    QEventLoop,
    QNetworkRequest,
)

# ---------------------------------------------------------
# QGIS-Symbole (werden dynamisch gesetzt)
# ---------------------------------------------------------

QgsProject: Type[Any]
QgsVectorLayer: Type[Any]
QgsRasterLayer: Type[Any]
QgsNetworkAccessManager: Type[Any]
Qgis: Type[Any]
QgsMapLayerProxyModel: Type[Any]
QgsVectorFileWriter: Type[Any]  # neu: Schreib-API
QgsFeature: Type[Any]
QgsField: Type[Any]
QgsGeometry: Type[Any]
QgsFeatureRequest: Type[Any]
QgsRectangle: Type[Any]
QgsCoordinateTransform: Type[Any]
QgsCoordinateReferenceSystem: Type[Any]
QgsPrintLayout: Type[Any]
QgsLayoutItemMap: Type[Any]
QgsLayoutItemMapGrid: Type[Any]
QgsTextFormat: Type[Any]
QgsTextBackgroundSettings: Type[Any]
QgsLayoutItemLabel: Type[Any]
QgsLayoutItemLegend: Type[Any]
QgsLayoutPoint: Type[Any]
QgsLayoutSize: Type[Any]
QgsUnitTypes: Type[Any]
QgsLayoutItem: Type[Any]
QgsBlockingNetworkRequest: Type[Any]
QgsJsonExporter: Type[Any]
QgsJsonUtils: Type[Any]
GEOM_POINT: Any = None
GEOM_LINE: Any = None
GEOM_POLYGON: Any = None

MAP_GRID_STYLE_MARKERS: Any = None
MAP_GRID_STYLE_FRAME_ANNOTATIONS: Any = None
MAP_GRID_FRAME_STYLE_INTERIOR_TICKS: Any = None
MAP_GRID_UNIT_MAP_UNIT: Any = None
MAP_GRID_ANNOTATION_FORMAT_DECIMAL: Any = None
MAP_GRID_ANNOTATION_DISPLAY_HIDE_ALL: Any = None
MAP_GRID_ANNOTATION_DISPLAY_SHOW_ALL: Any = None
MAP_GRID_ANNOTATION_DISPLAY_SHOW_X: Any = None
MAP_GRID_ANNOTATION_DISPLAY_SHOW_Y: Any = None
MAP_GRID_BORDER_LEFT: Any = None
MAP_GRID_BORDER_RIGHT: Any = None
MAP_GRID_BORDER_TOP: Any = None
MAP_GRID_BORDER_BOTTOM: Any = None
MAP_GRID_ANNOTATION_POSITION_INSIDE_FRAME: Any = None
TEXT_BACKGROUND_SHAPE_RECTANGLE: Any = None
TEXT_BACKGROUND_SIZE_BUFFER: Any = None
TEXT_RENDER_UNIT_MILLIMETERS: Any = None
TEXT_RENDER_UNIT_POINTS: Any = None

QGIS_AVAILABLE = False

# ---------------------------------------------------------
# Versuch: QGIS-Core importieren
# ---------------------------------------------------------

try:
    from qgis.core import (
        QgsProject as _QgsProject,
        QgsVectorLayer as _QgsVectorLayer,
        QgsRasterLayer as _QgsRasterLayer,
        QgsNetworkAccessManager as _QgsNetworkAccessManager,
        Qgis as _Qgis,
        QgsMapLayerProxyModel as _QgsMaplLayerProxyModel,
        QgsVectorFileWriter as _QgsVectorFileWriter,
        QgsFeature as _QgsFeature,
        QgsField as _QgsField,
        QgsGeometry as _QgsGeometry,
        QgsFeatureRequest as _QgsFeatureRequest,
        QgsRectangle as _QgsRectangle,
        QgsCoordinateTransform as _QgsCoordinateTransform,
        QgsCoordinateReferenceSystem as _QgsCoordinateReferenceSystem,
        QgsPrintLayout as _QgsPrintLayout,
        QgsLayoutItemMap as _QgsLayoutItemMap,
        QgsLayoutItemMapGrid as _QgsLayoutItemMapGrid,
        QgsTextFormat as _QgsTextFormat,
        QgsTextBackgroundSettings as _QgsTextBackgroundSettings,
        QgsLayoutItemLabel as _QgsLayoutItemLabel,
        QgsLayoutItemLegend as _QgsLayoutItemLegend,
        QgsLayoutPoint as _QgsLayoutPoint,
        QgsLayoutSize as _QgsLayoutSize,
        QgsUnitTypes as _QgsUnitTypes,
        QgsLayoutItem as _QgsLayoutItem,
        QgsBlockingNetworkRequest as _QgsBlockingNetworkRequest,
        QgsJsonExporter as _QgsJsonExporter,
        QgsJsonUtils as _QgsJsonUtils,
    )

    QgsProject = _QgsProject
    QgsVectorLayer = _QgsVectorLayer
    QgsRasterLayer = _QgsRasterLayer
    QgsNetworkAccessManager = _QgsNetworkAccessManager
    Qgis = _Qgis
    QgsMapLayerProxyModel = _QgsMaplLayerProxyModel
    QgsVectorFileWriter = _QgsVectorFileWriter
    QgsFeature = _QgsFeature
    QgsField = _QgsField
    QgsGeometry = _QgsGeometry
    QgsFeatureRequest = _QgsFeatureRequest
    QgsRectangle = _QgsRectangle
    QgsCoordinateTransform = _QgsCoordinateTransform
    QgsCoordinateReferenceSystem = _QgsCoordinateReferenceSystem
    QgsPrintLayout = _QgsPrintLayout
    QgsLayoutItemMap = _QgsLayoutItemMap
    QgsLayoutItemMapGrid = _QgsLayoutItemMapGrid
    QgsTextFormat = _QgsTextFormat
    QgsTextBackgroundSettings = _QgsTextBackgroundSettings
    QgsLayoutItemLabel = _QgsLayoutItemLabel
    QgsLayoutItemLegend = _QgsLayoutItemLegend
    QgsLayoutPoint = _QgsLayoutPoint
    QgsLayoutSize = _QgsLayoutSize
    QgsUnitTypes = _QgsUnitTypes
    QgsLayoutItem = _QgsLayoutItem
    QgsBlockingNetworkRequest = _QgsBlockingNetworkRequest
    QgsJsonExporter = _QgsJsonExporter
    QgsJsonUtils = _QgsJsonUtils

    # Geometrietyp-Konstanten (QGIS 4 / QGIS 3.30+ vs. ältere QGIS-3)
    def _resolve_geom_type(*paths):
        for obj, *attrs in paths:
            val = obj
            for attr in attrs:
                val = getattr(val, attr, None)
                if val is None:
                    break
            else:
                if val is not None:
                    return val
        return None

    GEOM_POINT = _resolve_geom_type(
        (_Qgis, "GeometryType", "Point"),
    ) or getattr(__import__("qgis.core", fromlist=["QgsWkbTypes"]), "QgsWkbTypes", type("_", (), {"PointGeometry": 0})).PointGeometry
    GEOM_LINE = _resolve_geom_type(
        (_Qgis, "GeometryType", "Line"),
    ) or getattr(__import__("qgis.core", fromlist=["QgsWkbTypes"]), "QgsWkbTypes", type("_", (), {"LineGeometry": 1})).LineGeometry
    GEOM_POLYGON = _resolve_geom_type(
        (_Qgis, "GeometryType", "Polygon"),
    ) or getattr(__import__("qgis.core", fromlist=["QgsWkbTypes"]), "QgsWkbTypes", type("_", (), {"PolygonGeometry": 2})).PolygonGeometry

    def _resolve_qgis_enum(*paths: tuple[Any, ...]) -> Any:
        for path in paths:
            value: Any = path[0]
            ok = True
            for name in path[1:]:
                value = getattr(value, name, None)
                if value is None:
                    ok = False
                    break
            if ok:
                return value
        return None

    MAP_GRID_STYLE_MARKERS = _resolve_qgis_enum(
        (_Qgis, "MapGridStyle", "Markers"),
        (_QgsLayoutItemMapGrid, "Markers"),
    )
    MAP_GRID_STYLE_FRAME_ANNOTATIONS = _resolve_qgis_enum(
        (_Qgis, "MapGridStyle", "FrameAndAnnotationsOnly"),
        (_QgsLayoutItemMapGrid, "FrameAndAnnotationsOnly"),
        (_Qgis, "MapGridStyle", "FrameAnnotations"),
        (_QgsLayoutItemMapGrid, "FrameAnnotations"),
    )
    MAP_GRID_FRAME_STYLE_INTERIOR_TICKS = _resolve_qgis_enum(
        (_Qgis, "MapGridFrameStyle", "InteriorTicks"),
        (_QgsLayoutItemMapGrid, "InteriorTicks"),
    )
    MAP_GRID_UNIT_MAP_UNIT = _resolve_qgis_enum(
        (_Qgis, "MapGridUnit", "MapUnits"),
        (_QgsLayoutItemMapGrid, "MapUnits"),
        (_Qgis, "MapGridUnit", "MapUnit"),
        (_QgsLayoutItemMapGrid, "MapUnit"),
    )
    MAP_GRID_ANNOTATION_FORMAT_DECIMAL = _resolve_qgis_enum(
        (_Qgis, "MapGridAnnotationFormat", "Decimal"),
        (_QgsLayoutItemMapGrid, "Decimal"),
    )
    MAP_GRID_ANNOTATION_DISPLAY_HIDE_ALL = _resolve_qgis_enum(
        (_Qgis, "MapGridComponentVisibility", "HideAll"),
        (_QgsLayoutItemMapGrid, "HideAll"),
    )
    MAP_GRID_ANNOTATION_DISPLAY_SHOW_ALL = _resolve_qgis_enum(
        (_Qgis, "MapGridComponentVisibility", "ShowAll"),
        (_QgsLayoutItemMapGrid, "ShowAll"),
    )
    MAP_GRID_ANNOTATION_DISPLAY_SHOW_X = _resolve_qgis_enum(
        (_Qgis, "MapGridComponentVisibility", "LongitudeOnly"),
        (_QgsLayoutItemMapGrid, "LongitudeOnly"),
        (_Qgis, "MapGridComponentVisibility", "ShowLongitudeOnly"),
        (_QgsLayoutItemMapGrid, "ShowLongitudeOnly"),
    )
    MAP_GRID_ANNOTATION_DISPLAY_SHOW_Y = _resolve_qgis_enum(
        (_Qgis, "MapGridComponentVisibility", "LatitudeOnly"),
        (_QgsLayoutItemMapGrid, "LatitudeOnly"),
        (_Qgis, "MapGridComponentVisibility", "ShowLatitudeOnly"),
        (_QgsLayoutItemMapGrid, "ShowLatitudeOnly"),
    )
    MAP_GRID_BORDER_LEFT = _resolve_qgis_enum(
        (_Qgis, "MapGridBorderSide", "Left"),
        (_QgsLayoutItemMapGrid, "Left"),
    )
    MAP_GRID_BORDER_RIGHT = _resolve_qgis_enum(
        (_Qgis, "MapGridBorderSide", "Right"),
        (_QgsLayoutItemMapGrid, "Right"),
    )
    MAP_GRID_BORDER_TOP = _resolve_qgis_enum(
        (_Qgis, "MapGridBorderSide", "Top"),
        (_QgsLayoutItemMapGrid, "Top"),
    )
    MAP_GRID_BORDER_BOTTOM = _resolve_qgis_enum(
        (_Qgis, "MapGridBorderSide", "Bottom"),
        (_QgsLayoutItemMapGrid, "Bottom"),
    )
    MAP_GRID_ANNOTATION_POSITION_INSIDE_FRAME = _resolve_qgis_enum(
        (_Qgis, "MapGridAnnotationPosition", "InsideMapFrame"),
        (_QgsLayoutItemMapGrid, "InsideMapFrame"),
    )
    TEXT_BACKGROUND_SHAPE_RECTANGLE = _resolve_qgis_enum(
        (_QgsTextBackgroundSettings, "ShapeRectangle"),
    )
    TEXT_BACKGROUND_SIZE_BUFFER = _resolve_qgis_enum(
        (_QgsTextBackgroundSettings, "SizeBuffer"),
    )
    TEXT_RENDER_UNIT_MILLIMETERS = _resolve_qgis_enum(
        (_Qgis, "RenderUnit", "Millimeters"),
        (_QgsUnitTypes, "RenderMillimeters"),
    )
    TEXT_RENDER_UNIT_POINTS = _resolve_qgis_enum(
        (_Qgis, "RenderUnit", "Points"),
        (_QgsUnitTypes, "RenderPoints"),
    )

    QGIS_AVAILABLE = True

# ---------------------------------------------------------
# Mock-Modus
# ---------------------------------------------------------

except Exception:
    QGIS_AVAILABLE = False

    class _MockLayoutManager:
        def layoutByName(self, name: str):
            return None

        def addLayout(self, layout: Any) -> bool:
            return True

    class _MockQgsProject:
        def __init__(self):
            self._variables = {}
            self._layout_manager = _MockLayoutManager()

        @staticmethod
        def instance() -> "_MockQgsProject":
            return _MockQgsProject()

        def read(self) -> bool:
            return True

        def layoutManager(self):
            return self._layout_manager

        def transformContext(self):
            return None

        def addMapLayer(self, layer: Any) -> Any:
            return layer

    QgsProject = _MockQgsProject

    class _MockQgsVectorLayer:
        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
            self._valid = True

        def isValid(self) -> bool:
            return self._valid

        def loadNamedStyle(self, path: str):
            return True, ""

        def triggerRepaint(self) -> None:
            pass

        def dataProvider(self):
            return None

    QgsVectorLayer = _MockQgsVectorLayer

    class _MockQgsNetworkAccessManager:
        @staticmethod
        def instance():
            return _MockQgsNetworkAccessManager()

        def head(self, request: Any):
            return None

    class _MockQgsRasterLayer:
        """
        Minimaler Mock für QgsRasterLayer, ausreichend für Tests und
        um im Datenabruf ein Raster-Layer-Objekt im pruef_ergebnis kontext mitzugeben.
        """
        def __init__(self, source: str, name: str = "Raster", provider: str = "wms"):
            self.source = source
            self._name = name
            self.provider = provider
            self._valid = True

        def isValid(self) -> bool:
            return self._valid

        def name(self) -> str:
            return self._name

        def dataProvider(self):
            return None

    QgsRasterLayer = _MockQgsRasterLayer

    class _MockQgsPrintLayout:
        def __init__(self, project: Any):
            self.project = project
            self._name = ""
            self._page = _MockQgsLayoutPage()
            self.items: list[Any] = []

        def initializeDefaults(self) -> None:
            pass

        def setName(self, name: str) -> None:
            self._name = name

        def pageCollection(self):
            return self

        def page(self, index: int):
            return self._page

        def addLayoutItem(self, item: Any) -> None:
            self.items.append(item)

    class _MockQgsLayoutPage:
        def setPageSize(self, size: Any) -> None:
            self.size = size

    class _MockQgsLayoutItem:
        class ReferencePoint:
            LowerLeft = 0

    class _MockQgsLayoutItemMap:
        def __init__(self, layout: Any):
            self.layout = layout
            self.item_id = ""
            self.extent = None
            self.scale = None
            self.follow_visibility_preset = False
            self.follow_visibility_preset_name = ""
            self.keep_layer_set = False
            self._grids = _MockQgsLayoutItemMapGridStack(self)

        def setId(self, item_id: str) -> None:
            self.item_id = item_id

        def setExtent(self, extent: Any) -> None:
            self.extent = extent

        def setScale(self, scale: float) -> None:
            self.scale = scale

        def attemptMove(self, point: Any) -> None:
            pass

        def attemptResize(self, size: Any) -> None:
            pass

        def setFollowVisibilityPreset(self, active: bool) -> None:
            self.follow_visibility_preset = active

        def setFollowVisibilityPresetName(self, name: str) -> None:
            self.follow_visibility_preset_name = name

        def setKeepLayerSet(self, enabled: bool) -> None:
            self.keep_layer_set = enabled

        def grids(self):
            return self._grids

        def updateBoundingRect(self) -> None:
            pass

        def refresh(self) -> None:
            pass

    class _MockQgsLayoutItemMapGrid:
        Markers = "Markers"
        FrameAndAnnotationsOnly = "FrameAndAnnotationsOnly"
        InteriorTicks = "InteriorTicks"
        MapUnits = "MapUnits"
        Decimal = "Decimal"
        HideAll = "HideAll"
        ShowAll = "ShowAll"
        LongitudeOnly = "LongitudeOnly"
        LatitudeOnly = "LatitudeOnly"
        Left = "Left"
        Right = "Right"
        Top = "Top"
        Bottom = "Bottom"
        InsideMapFrame = "InsideMapFrame"

        def __init__(self, name: str, map_item: Any):
            self.name = name
            self.map_item = map_item
            self.enabled = False
            self.style = None
            self.units = None
            self.interval_x = None
            self.interval_y = None
            self.annotation_enabled = False
            self.annotation_format = None
            self.annotation_precision = None
            self.annotation_display: dict[Any, Any] = {}
            self.annotation_position: dict[Any, Any] = {}
            self.frame_style = None
            self.annotation_text_format = None

        def setEnabled(self, enabled: bool) -> None:
            self.enabled = enabled

        def setStyle(self, style: Any) -> None:
            self.style = style

        def setUnits(self, units: Any) -> None:
            self.units = units

        def setIntervalX(self, interval: float) -> None:
            self.interval_x = interval

        def setIntervalY(self, interval: float) -> None:
            self.interval_y = interval

        def setAnnotationEnabled(self, enabled: bool) -> None:
            self.annotation_enabled = enabled

        def setAnnotationFormat(self, annotation_format: Any) -> None:
            self.annotation_format = annotation_format

        def setAnnotationPrecision(self, precision: int) -> None:
            self.annotation_precision = precision

        def setAnnotationDisplay(self, display: Any, border: Any) -> None:
            self.annotation_display[border] = display

        def setAnnotationPosition(self, position: Any, border: Any) -> None:
            self.annotation_position[border] = position

        def setFrameStyle(self, frame_style: Any) -> None:
            self.frame_style = frame_style

        def setAnnotationTextFormat(self, annotation_text_format: Any) -> None:
            self.annotation_text_format = annotation_text_format

    class _MockQgsTextBackgroundSettings:
        ShapeRectangle = "ShapeRectangle"
        SizeBuffer = "SizeBuffer"

        def __init__(self):
            self.enabled = False
            self.shape_type = None
            self.size_type = None
            self.size = None
            self.size_unit = None
            self.offset = None
            self.offset_unit = None
            self.fill_color = None

        def setEnabled(self, enabled: bool) -> None:
            self.enabled = enabled

        def setType(self, shape_type: Any) -> None:
            self.shape_type = shape_type

        def setSizeType(self, size_type: Any) -> None:
            self.size_type = size_type

        def setSize(self, size: Any) -> None:
            self.size = size

        def setSizeUnit(self, unit: Any) -> None:
            self.size_unit = unit

        def setOffset(self, offset: Any) -> None:
            self.offset = offset

        def setOffsetUnit(self, unit: Any) -> None:
            self.offset_unit = unit

        def setFillColor(self, color: Any) -> None:
            self.fill_color = color

    class _MockQgsTextFormat:
        def __init__(self):
            self.font = None
            self.size = None
            self.size_unit = None
            self.background = None

        def setFont(self, font: Any) -> None:
            self.font = font

        def setSize(self, size: float) -> None:
            self.size = size

        def setSizeUnit(self, unit: Any) -> None:
            self.size_unit = unit

        def setBackground(self, background: Any) -> None:
            self.background = background

    class _MockQgsLayoutItemMapGridStack:
        def __init__(self, map_item: Any):
            self.map_item = map_item
            self._grids: list[_MockQgsLayoutItemMapGrid] = []

        def addGrid(self, grid: Any) -> None:
            self._grids.append(grid)

        def removeGrid(self, grid_id: str) -> None:
            self._grids = [grid for grid in self._grids if getattr(grid, "name", "") != grid_id]

        def asList(self) -> list[Any]:
            return list(self._grids)

    class _MockQgsLayoutItemLabel:
        ModeHtml = 1

        def __init__(self, layout: Any):
            self.layout = layout

        def setId(self, item_id: str) -> None:
            pass

        def setText(self, text: str) -> None:
            pass

        def setMode(self, mode: Any) -> None:
            pass

        def setFont(self, font: Any) -> None:
            pass

        def setReferencePoint(self, point: Any) -> None:
            pass

        def setVAlign(self, alignment: Any) -> None:
            pass

        def attemptMove(self, point: Any) -> None:
            pass

        def attemptResize(self, size: Any) -> None:
            pass

    class _MockLegendRootGroup:
        def __init__(self) -> None:
            self.layers: list[Any] = []

        def clear(self) -> None:
            self.layers = []

        def addLayer(self, layer: Any) -> None:
            self.layers.append(layer)

    class _MockLegendModel:
        def __init__(self) -> None:
            self._root_group = _MockLegendRootGroup()

        def rootGroup(self) -> _MockLegendRootGroup:
            return self._root_group

    class _MockQgsLayoutItemLegend:
        def __init__(self, layout: Any):
            self.layout = layout
            self._model = _MockLegendModel()
            self.item_id = ""
            self.object_name = ""
            self.linked_map = None
            self.auto_update_model = None
            self.legend_filter_by_map_enabled = None
            self.title = ""

        def setId(self, item_id: str) -> None:
            self.item_id = item_id

        def setObjectName(self, name: str) -> None:
            self.object_name = name

        def setLinkedMap(self, map_item: Any) -> None:
            self.linked_map = map_item

        def setAutoUpdateModel(self, enabled: bool) -> None:
            self.auto_update_model = enabled

        def setLegendFilterByMapEnabled(self, enabled: bool) -> None:
            self.legend_filter_by_map_enabled = enabled

        def setTitle(self, title: str) -> None:
            self.title = title

        def setReferencePoint(self, point: Any) -> None:
            pass

        def attemptMove(self, point: Any) -> None:
            pass

        def attemptResize(self, size: Any) -> None:
            pass

        def model(self) -> _MockLegendModel:
            return self._model

        def refresh(self) -> None:
            pass

    class _MockQgsLayoutPoint:
        def __init__(self, x: float, y: float, unit: Any):
            self.x = x
            self.y = y
            self.unit = unit

    class _MockQgsLayoutSize:
        def __init__(self, width: float, height: float, unit: Any):
            self.width = width
            self.height = height
            self.unit = unit

    class _MockQgsUnitTypes:
        LayoutMillimeters = 0

    QgsPrintLayout = _MockQgsPrintLayout
    QgsLayoutItemMap = _MockQgsLayoutItemMap
    QgsLayoutItemMapGrid = _MockQgsLayoutItemMapGrid
    QgsTextFormat = _MockQgsTextFormat
    QgsTextBackgroundSettings = _MockQgsTextBackgroundSettings
    QgsLayoutItemLabel = _MockQgsLayoutItemLabel
    QgsLayoutItemLegend = _MockQgsLayoutItemLegend
    QgsLayoutPoint = _MockQgsLayoutPoint
    QgsLayoutSize = _MockQgsLayoutSize
    QgsUnitTypes = _MockQgsUnitTypes
    QgsLayoutItem = _MockQgsLayoutItem

    MAP_GRID_STYLE_MARKERS = _MockQgsLayoutItemMapGrid.Markers
    MAP_GRID_STYLE_FRAME_ANNOTATIONS = _MockQgsLayoutItemMapGrid.FrameAndAnnotationsOnly
    MAP_GRID_FRAME_STYLE_INTERIOR_TICKS = _MockQgsLayoutItemMapGrid.InteriorTicks
    MAP_GRID_UNIT_MAP_UNIT = _MockQgsLayoutItemMapGrid.MapUnits
    MAP_GRID_ANNOTATION_FORMAT_DECIMAL = _MockQgsLayoutItemMapGrid.Decimal
    MAP_GRID_ANNOTATION_DISPLAY_HIDE_ALL = _MockQgsLayoutItemMapGrid.HideAll
    MAP_GRID_ANNOTATION_DISPLAY_SHOW_ALL = _MockQgsLayoutItemMapGrid.ShowAll
    MAP_GRID_ANNOTATION_DISPLAY_SHOW_X = _MockQgsLayoutItemMapGrid.LongitudeOnly
    MAP_GRID_ANNOTATION_DISPLAY_SHOW_Y = _MockQgsLayoutItemMapGrid.LatitudeOnly
    MAP_GRID_BORDER_LEFT = _MockQgsLayoutItemMapGrid.Left
    MAP_GRID_BORDER_RIGHT = _MockQgsLayoutItemMapGrid.Right
    MAP_GRID_BORDER_TOP = _MockQgsLayoutItemMapGrid.Top
    MAP_GRID_BORDER_BOTTOM = _MockQgsLayoutItemMapGrid.Bottom
    MAP_GRID_ANNOTATION_POSITION_INSIDE_FRAME = _MockQgsLayoutItemMapGrid.InsideMapFrame
    TEXT_BACKGROUND_SHAPE_RECTANGLE = _MockQgsTextBackgroundSettings.ShapeRectangle
    TEXT_BACKGROUND_SIZE_BUFFER = _MockQgsTextBackgroundSettings.SizeBuffer
    TEXT_RENDER_UNIT_MILLIMETERS = "Millimeters"
    TEXT_RENDER_UNIT_POINTS = "Points"

    class _MockQgsFeature:
        def __init__(self):
            self._geometry = None
            self._attributes = []

        def setGeometry(self, geometry: Any) -> None:
            self._geometry = geometry

        def setAttributes(self, attributes: list[Any]) -> None:
            self._attributes = attributes

    class _MockQgsField:
        def __init__(self, name: str = "", field_type: Any = None):
            self.name = name
            self.field_type = field_type

    class _MockQgsGeometry:
        @staticmethod
        def unaryUnion(_geometries: list[Any]):
            return None

        def isEmpty(self) -> bool:
            return True

    QgsFeature = _MockQgsFeature
    QgsField = _MockQgsField
    QgsGeometry = _MockQgsGeometry

    class _MockQgsFeatureRequest:
        def __init__(self):
            self._filter_rect = None

        def setFilterRect(self, rect):
            self._filter_rect = rect
            return self

    QgsFeatureRequest = _MockQgsFeatureRequest

    class _MockQgsCoordinateTransform:
        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
            pass

        def transformBoundingBox(self, rect):
            return rect

    class _MockQgsCoordinateReferenceSystem:
        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
            pass

    QgsCoordinateTransform = _MockQgsCoordinateTransform
    QgsCoordinateReferenceSystem = _MockQgsCoordinateReferenceSystem

    QgsNetworkAccessManager = _MockQgsNetworkAccessManager

    class _MockQgis:
        class MessageLevel:
            Success = 0
            Info = 1
            Warning = 2
            Critical = 3

    Qgis = _MockQgis

    class _MockQgsMapLayerProxyModel:
        # Layer-Typen (entsprechen QGIS-Konstanten)
        NoLayer = 0
        VectorLayer = 1
        RasterLayer = 2
        PluginLayer = 3
        MeshLayer = 4
        VectorTileLayer = 5
        PointCloudLayer = 6

        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
            pass

    QgsMapLayerProxyModel = _MockQgsMapLayerProxyModel

    # ---------------------------------------------------------
    # Mock für QgsVectorFileWriter
    # ---------------------------------------------------------

    class _MockSaveVectorOptions:
        """
        Minimaler Ersatz für QgsVectorFileWriter.SaveVectorOptions.
        Felder werden als einfache Attribute bereitgestellt.
        """
        def __init__(self):
            self.driverName: str = "GPKG"
            self.layerName: Optional[str] = None
            self.fileEncoding: str = "UTF-8"
            # Action-Konstanten werden symbolisch verwendet
            self.actionOnExistingFile: Optional[int] = None

    class _MockQgsVectorFileWriter:
        """
        Minimaler Mock für QgsVectorFileWriter mit der benötigten API:
        - SaveVectorOptions (als Klasse)
        - writeAsVectorFormatV3(layer, path, transformContext, options) -> error_code
        - NoError (Konstante)
        - CreateOrOverwriteFile / CreateOrOverwriteLayer (Konstanten)
        """

        # Fehlerkonstanten (0 = NoError)
        NoError = 0

        # Action-Konstanten (Werte nur symbolisch)
        CreateOrOverwriteFile = 1
        CreateOrOverwriteLayer = 2

        # SaveVectorOptions-Klasse
        SaveVectorOptions = _MockSaveVectorOptions

        @staticmethod
        def writeAsVectorFormatV3(layer: Any, path: str, transform_context: Any, options: Any) -> int:
            """
            Mock-Schreibfunktion.

            Verhalten im Mock:
            - Wenn 'layer' None oder options.layerName fehlt, geben wir NoError zurück,
              aber schreiben nichts (Tests erwarten nur Rückgabecode).
            - Diese Implementierung versucht nicht, echte Dateien zu schreiben.
            - Rückgabewert: 0 (NoError) bei Erfolg, sonst eine positive Fehlernummer.
            """
            try:
                # Sehr einfache Validierung: wenn path leer -> Fehler
                if not path:
                    return 999
                # Simuliere Erfolg
                return _MockQgsVectorFileWriter.NoError
            except Exception:
                return 999  # generischer Fehlercode

    QgsVectorFileWriter = _MockQgsVectorFileWriter

    # Geometrietyp-Konstanten (Mock-Werte entsprechen QgsWkbTypes)
    GEOM_POINT = 0
    GEOM_LINE = 1
    GEOM_POLYGON = 2

    class _MockQgsBlockingNetworkRequest:
        NoError = 0

        def __init__(self):
            self._reply = None

        def get(self, request: Any) -> int:
            return self.NoError

        def post(self, request: Any, data: bytes) -> int:
            return self.NoError

        def put(self, request: Any, data: bytes) -> int:
            return self.NoError

        def reply(self) -> Any:
            return self._reply

        def errorMessage(self) -> str:
            return ""

    QgsBlockingNetworkRequest = _MockQgsBlockingNetworkRequest

    class _MockQgsJsonUtils:
        @staticmethod
        def stringToFields(text: str) -> Any:
            return type("_Fields", (), {"toList": lambda self: []})() 

        @staticmethod
        def stringToFeatureList(text: str, fields: Any) -> list:
            return []

    QgsJsonUtils = _MockQgsJsonUtils

    class _MockQgsJsonExporter:
        def __init__(self, layer: Any = None):
            self._layer = layer

        def setSourceCrs(self, crs: Any) -> None:
            pass

        def setTransformGeometries(self, transform: bool) -> None:
            pass

        def exportFeatures(self, features: list) -> str:
            return '{"type":"FeatureCollection","features":[]}'

    QgsJsonExporter = _MockQgsJsonExporter

# ---------------------------------------------------------
# Vektorkacheln, Ausdrücke, Symbole und Legende (Basemap-Legende, Basis #88)
# Eigener Block, damit ein fehlendes Symbol den übrigen Wrapper nicht in den Mock-Modus zwingt.
# ---------------------------------------------------------

QgsVectorTileLayer: Type[Any]
QgsSelectionContext: Type[Any]
QgsTileXYZ: Type[Any]
QgsExpression: Type[Any]
QgsExpressionContext: Type[Any]
QgsExpressionContextScope: Type[Any]
QgsProperty: Type[Any]
QgsCategorizedSymbolRenderer: Type[Any]
QgsRendererCategory: Type[Any]
QgsLegendRenderer: Type[Any]
QgsLegendStyle: Type[Any]
QgsMapLayer: Type[Any]
QgsApplication: Type[Any]
QgsSymbolLayerUtils: Type[Any]
QgsLayoutMeasurement: Type[Any]
QgsLayoutUtils: Type[Any]
QgsSimpleLineSymbolLayer: Type[Any]
SELECT_BEHAVIOR_SET: Any = None
SELECT_RELATION_INTERSECT: Any = None
PROPERTY_TYPE_EXPRESSION: Any = None
PROPERTY_CUSTOM_DASH: Any = None
LEGEND_STYLE_HIDDEN: Any = None
LEGEND_STYLE_SUBGROUP: Any = None
STYLE_CATEGORIES_SYMBOLOGIE_BESCHRIFTUNG: Any = None
VECTOR_TILES_AVAILABLE = False

try:
    from qgis.core import (
        QgsVectorTileLayer as _QgsVectorTileLayer,
        QgsSelectionContext as _QgsSelectionContext,
        QgsTileXYZ as _QgsTileXYZ,
        QgsExpression as _QgsExpression,
        QgsExpressionContext as _QgsExpressionContext,
        QgsExpressionContextScope as _QgsExpressionContextScope,
        QgsProperty as _QgsProperty,
        QgsCategorizedSymbolRenderer as _QgsCategorizedSymbolRenderer,
        QgsRendererCategory as _QgsRendererCategory,
        QgsLegendRenderer as _QgsLegendRenderer,
        QgsLegendStyle as _QgsLegendStyle,
        QgsMapLayer as _QgsMapLayer,
        QgsApplication as _QgsApplication,
        QgsSymbolLayerUtils as _QgsSymbolLayerUtils,
        QgsLayoutMeasurement as _QgsLayoutMeasurement,
        QgsLayoutUtils as _QgsLayoutUtils,
        QgsSymbolLayer as _QgsSymbolLayer,
        QgsSimpleLineSymbolLayer as _QgsSimpleLineSymbolLayer,
        Qgis as _QgisVT,
    )

    QgsVectorTileLayer = _QgsVectorTileLayer
    QgsSelectionContext = _QgsSelectionContext
    QgsTileXYZ = _QgsTileXYZ
    QgsExpression = _QgsExpression
    QgsExpressionContext = _QgsExpressionContext
    QgsExpressionContextScope = _QgsExpressionContextScope
    QgsProperty = _QgsProperty
    QgsCategorizedSymbolRenderer = _QgsCategorizedSymbolRenderer
    QgsRendererCategory = _QgsRendererCategory
    QgsLegendRenderer = _QgsLegendRenderer
    QgsLegendStyle = _QgsLegendStyle
    QgsMapLayer = _QgsMapLayer
    QgsApplication = _QgsApplication
    QgsSymbolLayerUtils = _QgsSymbolLayerUtils
    QgsLayoutMeasurement = _QgsLayoutMeasurement
    QgsLayoutUtils = _QgsLayoutUtils
    QgsSimpleLineSymbolLayer = _QgsSimpleLineSymbolLayer

    SELECT_BEHAVIOR_SET = _QgisVT.SelectBehavior.SetSelection
    SELECT_RELATION_INTERSECT = _QgisVT.SelectGeometryRelationship.Intersect
    PROPERTY_TYPE_EXPRESSION = getattr(getattr(_QgsProperty, "Type", None), "ExpressionBasedProperty", None)
    if PROPERTY_TYPE_EXPRESSION is None:
        PROPERTY_TYPE_EXPRESSION = getattr(_QgsProperty, "ExpressionBasedProperty", None)
    # Schlüssel der datendefinierten Eigenschaft „eigenes Strichmuster“ als int (Basis #90);
    # propertyKeys() liefert ints, das Enum ist je nach QGIS-Version gescoped oder nicht.
    _strichmuster = getattr(getattr(_QgsSymbolLayer, "Property", None), "CustomDash", None)
    if _strichmuster is None:
        _strichmuster = getattr(_QgsSymbolLayer, "PropertyCustomDash", None)
    PROPERTY_CUSTOM_DASH = int(getattr(_strichmuster, "value", _strichmuster))
    LEGEND_STYLE_HIDDEN = getattr(getattr(_QgsLegendStyle, "Style", _QgsLegendStyle), "Hidden", None)
    LEGEND_STYLE_SUBGROUP = getattr(getattr(_QgsLegendStyle, "Style", _QgsLegendStyle), "Subgroup", None)
    _kategorie = getattr(_QgsMapLayer, "StyleCategory", _QgsMapLayer)
    STYLE_CATEGORIES_SYMBOLOGIE_BESCHRIFTUNG = _kategorie.Symbology | _kategorie.Labeling
    VECTOR_TILES_AVAILABLE = True

except Exception:
    VECTOR_TILES_AVAILABLE = False

    class _MockQgsVectorTileLayer:
        """Platzhalter: Vektorkachel-Layer gibt es im Mock-Modus nicht."""

    class _MockQgsSelectionContext:
        def __init__(self):
            self._scale = 0.0

        def setScale(self, scale: float) -> None:
            self._scale = scale

        def scale(self) -> float:
            return self._scale

    class _MockQgsTileXYZ:
        def __init__(self, column: int = 0, row: int = 0, zoom: int = 0):
            self._column, self._row, self._zoom = column, row, zoom

        def column(self) -> int:
            return self._column

        def row(self) -> int:
            return self._row

        def zoomLevel(self) -> int:
            return self._zoom

    class _MockQgsExpression:
        def __init__(self, text: str = ""):
            self._text = text

        def prepare(self, context: Any) -> bool:
            return True

        def evaluate(self, context: Any = None) -> Any:
            return True

    class _MockQgsExpressionContextScope:
        def __init__(self, name: str = ""):
            self._variables: dict[str, Any] = {}

        def setVariable(self, name: str, value: Any, *args: Any) -> None:
            self._variables[name] = value

        def variable(self, name: str) -> Any:
            return self._variables.get(name)

    class _MockQgsExpressionContext:
        def __init__(self):
            self._scopes: list[Any] = []
            self._feature: Any = None

        def appendScope(self, scope: Any) -> None:
            self._scopes.append(scope)

        def setFeature(self, feature: Any) -> None:
            self._feature = feature

    class _MockQgsProperty:
        def __init__(self, value: Any = None):
            self._value = value

        @staticmethod
        def fromValue(value: Any) -> "_MockQgsProperty":
            return _MockQgsProperty(value)

        @staticmethod
        def fromExpression(expression: str, is_active: bool = True) -> "_MockQgsProperty":
            eigenschaft = _MockQgsProperty()
            eigenschaft._ausdruck = expression
            return eigenschaft

        def expressionString(self) -> str:
            return getattr(self, "_ausdruck", "")

    class _MockQgsRendererCategory:
        def __init__(self, value: Any = None, symbol: Any = None, label: str = ""):
            self._value, self._symbol, self._label = value, symbol, label

        def value(self) -> Any:
            return self._value

        def symbol(self) -> Any:
            return self._symbol

        def label(self) -> str:
            return self._label

    class _MockQgsCategorizedSymbolRenderer:
        def __init__(self, attribute: str = "", categories: list | None = None):
            self._attribute = attribute
            self._categories = list(categories or [])

        def categories(self) -> list:
            return list(self._categories)

    class _MockQgsLegendStyle:
        Hidden = 0
        Group = 1
        Subgroup = 2

    class _MockQgsLegendRenderer:
        @staticmethod
        def setNodeLegendStyle(node: Any, style: Any) -> None:
            setattr(node, "_legend_style", style)

    class _MockQgsMapLayer:
        class StyleCategory:
            Symbology = 1
            Labeling = 2

    class _MockQgsApplication:
        @staticmethod
        def qgisSettingsDirPath() -> str:
            return ""

    class _MockQgsSymbolLayerUtils:
        @staticmethod
        def symbolPreviewIcon(symbol: Any, size: Any, *args: Any) -> Any:
            return None

    QgsVectorTileLayer = _MockQgsVectorTileLayer
    QgsSelectionContext = _MockQgsSelectionContext
    QgsTileXYZ = _MockQgsTileXYZ
    QgsExpression = _MockQgsExpression
    QgsExpressionContext = _MockQgsExpressionContext
    QgsExpressionContextScope = _MockQgsExpressionContextScope
    QgsProperty = _MockQgsProperty
    QgsCategorizedSymbolRenderer = _MockQgsCategorizedSymbolRenderer
    QgsRendererCategory = _MockQgsRendererCategory
    QgsLegendRenderer = _MockQgsLegendRenderer
    QgsLegendStyle = _MockQgsLegendStyle
    QgsMapLayer = _MockQgsMapLayer
    QgsApplication = _MockQgsApplication
    QgsSymbolLayerUtils = _MockQgsSymbolLayerUtils

    class _MockQgsLayoutMeasurement:
        def __init__(self, length: float = 0.0, units: Any = None):
            self._length = length

        def length(self) -> float:
            return self._length

    QgsLayoutMeasurement = _MockQgsLayoutMeasurement

    class _MockQgsLayoutUtils:
        @staticmethod
        def createRenderContextForLayout(layout: Any, painter: Any, dpi: float = -1) -> Any:
            return None

    QgsLayoutUtils = _MockQgsLayoutUtils

    class _MockQgsSimpleLineSymbolLayer:
        def __init__(self, eigenschaften: dict | None = None):
            self.eigenschaften = dict(eigenschaften or {})

        @staticmethod
        def create(eigenschaften: dict) -> "_MockQgsSimpleLineSymbolLayer":
            return _MockQgsSimpleLineSymbolLayer(eigenschaften)

        def layerType(self) -> str:
            return "SimpleLine"

    QgsSimpleLineSymbolLayer = _MockQgsSimpleLineSymbolLayer

    # QgsRectangle hatte im allgemeinen Mock-Block keinen Ersatz (nur Typannotation).
    if "QgsRectangle" not in globals():
        class _MockQgsRectangle:
            def __init__(self, x_min: float = 0.0, y_min: float = 0.0, x_max: float = 0.0, y_max: float = 0.0):
                self._werte = (x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max)

            def xMinimum(self) -> float:
                return self._werte[0]

            def yMinimum(self) -> float:
                return self._werte[1]

            def xMaximum(self) -> float:
                return self._werte[2]

            def yMaximum(self) -> float:
                return self._werte[3]

            def width(self) -> float:
                return self._werte[2] - self._werte[0]

            def height(self) -> float:
                return self._werte[3] - self._werte[1]

        QgsRectangle = _MockQgsRectangle
    SELECT_BEHAVIOR_SET = 0
    SELECT_RELATION_INTERSECT = 0
    PROPERTY_TYPE_EXPRESSION = 2
    PROPERTY_CUSTOM_DASH = 36
    LEGEND_STYLE_HIDDEN = _MockQgsLegendStyle.Hidden
    LEGEND_STYLE_SUBGROUP = _MockQgsLegendStyle.Subgroup
    STYLE_CATEGORIES_SYMBOLOGIE_BESCHRIFTUNG = 3

# ---------------------------------------------------------
# Netzwerk
# ---------------------------------------------------------

class NetworkReply:
    """
    Minimaler Wrapper für Netzwerkantworten.
    """
    def __init__(self, error: int):
        self.error = error


def network_head(url: str) -> NetworkReply | None:
    """
    Führt einen HTTP-HEAD-Request aus.

    Rückgabe:
    - NetworkReply(error=0) → erreichbar
    - NetworkReply(error!=0) → nicht erreichbar
    - None → Netzwerk nicht verfügbar / Fehler beim Request
    """

    if not QGIS_AVAILABLE:
        return None

    if QUrl is None or QNetworkRequest is None:
        return None

    try:
        manager = QgsNetworkAccessManager.instance()
        request = QNetworkRequest(QUrl(url))
        reply = manager.head(request)

        # synchron warten (kurz)
        if QEventLoop is not None:
            loop = QEventLoop()
            reply.finished.connect(loop.quit)
            loop.exec()

        return NetworkReply(error=reply.error())
    except Exception:
        return None

# ---------------------------------------------------------
# Layer-Geometrie / Extent
# ---------------------------------------------------------

def get_layer_extent(layer: Any) -> Any:
    """
    Gibt die Ausdehnung (Extent) eines Layers zurück.

    Diese Funktion kapselt den Zugriff auf ``layer.extent()`` und dient als
    zentrale Abstraktion für alle Stellen, die die Bounding Box eines Layers
    benötigen (z.B. für räumliche Filter im Datenabruf).

    Verhalten
    ---------
    - Wenn QGIS verfügbar ist und der Layer eine ``extent()``-Methode besitzt,
      wird deren Rückgabewert zurückgegeben.
    - Wenn QGIS nicht verfügbar ist oder der Layer keine ``extent()``-Methode
      hat, wird ``None`` zurückgegeben.
    """
    if not QGIS_AVAILABLE or layer is None:
        return None

    extent_func = getattr(layer, "extent", None)
    if callable(extent_func):
        try:
            return extent_func()
        except Exception:
            return None

    return None

# ---------------------------------------------------------
# Buffer-Layer erzeugen
# ---------------------------------------------------------

def create_buffer_layer(
    source_layer: Any,
    distance_m: float,
    layer_name: str = "BufferLayer"
) -> Optional[Any]:
    """
    Erzeugt einen Pufferlayer um alle Features eines Quelllayers.

    Diese Funktion dient als zentrale Abstraktion für die Erzeugung eines
    Pufferlayers in QGIS. Sie wird z.B. im Datenabruf verwendet, wenn der
    Raumfilter ``"Pufferlayer"`` aktiv ist.

    Verhalten
    ---------
    - Wenn QGIS verfügbar ist und der ``source_layer`` gültig ist, wird ein
      temporärer Vektorlayer erzeugt, der die gepufferten Geometrien enthält.
    - Der Puffer wird in Metern angegeben.
    - Der zurückgegebene Layer ist **nicht gespeichert**, sondern ein
      temporärer Speicherlayer, der anschließend über den UI‑Wrapper ins
      Projekt geladen werden kann.
    - Wenn QGIS nicht verfügbar ist oder ein Fehler auftritt, wird ``None``
      zurückgegeben.
    """
    if not QGIS_AVAILABLE:
        return None

    if source_layer is None or not hasattr(source_layer, "getFeatures"):
        return None

    try:
        # Geometrien puffern
        buffered_geoms = []
        for feat in source_layer.getFeatures():
            geom = feat.geometry()
            if geom is None:
                continue
            buf = geom.buffer(distance_m, 8)
            if buf is not None:
                buffered_geoms.append(buf)

        if not buffered_geoms:
            return None

        # Neuen Memory-Layer erzeugen
        crs = source_layer.crs().authid() if hasattr(source_layer, "crs") else "EPSG:4326"
        mem_layer = QgsVectorLayer(f"Polygon?crs={crs}", layer_name, "memory")

        prov = mem_layer.dataProvider()
        prov.addAttributes([])
        mem_layer.updateFields()

        # Features hinzufügen
        from qgis.core import QgsFeature
        for geom in buffered_geoms:
            f = QgsFeature()
            f.setGeometry(geom)
            prov.addFeature(f)

        mem_layer.updateExtents()
        return mem_layer

    except Exception:
        return None
    
#Hilfsfunktion, keine qgiscore-Entsprechung    

def layer_exists_in_gpkg(gpkg_path: str, layer_name: str) -> bool:
    """
    Prüft, ob ein Layer mit dem Namen `layer_name` in `gpkg_path` existiert.
    - bevorzugt: SQLite-Abfrage auf gpkg_contents
    - fallback: kurzer Versuch, mit QgsVectorLayer zu laden (wenn QGIS verfügbar)
    """
    import os, sqlite3
    if not gpkg_path or not layer_name or not os.path.exists(gpkg_path):
        return False

    # 1) SQLite-Check (schnell)
    try:
        conn = sqlite3.connect(gpkg_path)
        cur = conn.cursor()
        cur.execute("SELECT COUNT(1) FROM gpkg_contents WHERE table_name = ?", (layer_name,))
        row = cur.fetchone()
        conn.close()
        if row and row[0] > 0:
            return True
    except Exception:
        # falls sqlite fehlschlägt, weiter zum QGIS-Fallback
        pass

    # 2) QGIS-Fallback: versuche kurz, den Layer zu laden
    try:
        if getattr(QgsVectorLayer, "__call__", None) and QGIS_AVAILABLE:
            uri = f"{gpkg_path}|layername={layer_name}"
            layer = QgsVectorLayer(uri, layer_name, "ogr")
            return bool(layer and getattr(layer, "isValid", lambda: False)())
    except Exception:
        pass

    return False


# ---------------------------------------------------------
# QGIS-3/4-kompatible Geometrie-Hilfsfunktionen
# ---------------------------------------------------------

def polygon_zu_linie(geom: Any) -> Optional[Any]:
    """Konvertiert ein Polygon/MultiPolygon zur Umringslinie (QGIS 3 + 4).

    In QGIS 3.x existiert ``QgsGeometry.boundary()``, in QGIS 4.x wurde sie
    entfernt. Diese Funktion kapselt die Versionsunterschiede und stellt dem
    Fachplugin eine stabile API bereit.

    Strategie (dreistufig):
    1. ``geom.boundary()`` – funktioniert in QGIS 3.x
    2. ``geom.convertToType(1, False)`` – ``1`` = LineGeometry-Wert,
       identisch in ``QgsWkbTypes.LineGeometry`` (3.x) und
       ``Qgis.GeometryType.Line`` (4.x)
    3. Manuelle Ring-Extraktion via ``asPolygon()`` / ``asMultiPolygon()``
       + ``QgsGeometry.fromPolylineXY()``

    Parameters
    ----------
    geom :
        Polygon- oder MultiPolygon-``QgsGeometry``.

    Returns
    -------
    Optional[QgsGeometry]
        Liniengeometrie (Umring) oder ``None`` bei Fehler / leerer Eingabe.
    """
    if geom is None:
        return None
    try:
        if geom.isEmpty():
            return None
    except Exception:
        return None

    # Stufe 1: QGIS 3.x – .boundary() existiert und liefert alle Ringe korrekt
    if hasattr(geom, "boundary"):
        try:
            result = geom.boundary()
            if result is not None and not result.isEmpty():
                return result
        except Exception:
            pass

    # Stufe 2: Manuelle Ring-Extraktion (primärer QGIS-4.x-Pfad).
    # convertToType(1, False) würde bei MultiPolygon nur den ersten Außenring
    # zurückgeben und alle weiteren Polygone sowie Innenringe verwerfen → daher
    # direkt die vollständige manuelle Extraktion als nächste Stufe.
    lines = []
    try:
        if geom.isMultipart():
            for polygon in geom.asMultiPolygon():
                for ring in polygon:
                    lines.append(QgsGeometry.fromPolylineXY(ring))
        else:
            for ring in geom.asPolygon():
                lines.append(QgsGeometry.fromPolylineXY(ring))
    except Exception:
        pass
    if lines:
        return QgsGeometry.unaryUnion(lines)

    # Stufe 3: Letzter Fallback – convertToType mit destMultipart=True, damit
    # zumindest alle Außenringe eines MultiPolygons erfasst werden.
    try:
        result = geom.convertToType(1, True)
        if result is not None and not result.isEmpty():
            return result
    except Exception:
        pass

    return None